CTM Cloud Threat Modeler

Built-in scenario

sample_aws_safe_plan.json

Safe Plan Demo

Analyzed sample_aws_safe_plan.json with 26 normalized resources and 7 trust boundaries.

Analyze another plan

Active findings

1

Trust boundaries

7

Resources

26

Observations

2
High 0
Medium 1
Low 0

Findings

Severity bands

High

0

No high findings.

Medium

1

IAM policy grants wildcard privileges

aws-iam-wildcard-permissions

aws_iam_policy.observability contains allow statements with wildcard actions or resources. That makes the resulting access difficult to reason about and expands blast radius.

Category
Elevation of Privilege
Boundary
not-applicable
Resources
aws_iam_policy.observability
Evidence
  • iam actions: logs:*
  • iam resources: *
  • policy statements: Allow actions=[logs:*] resources=[*]

Low

0

No low findings.

Observations

Controls and mitigating signals

RDS instance is private and storage encrypted

aws_db_instance.app is kept off direct internet paths and has storage encryption enabled, which reduces straightforward data exposure risk.

aws_db_instance.app

S3 public access is reduced by a public access block

aws_s3_bucket.artifacts includes public-looking ACL or policy signals, but an attached public access block materially reduces that exposure.

aws_s3_bucket.artifacts, aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block.artifacts

Trust boundaries

Crossings that drive the model

admin-to-workload-plane

aws_iam_role.workload -> aws_lambda_function.processor

IAM configuration acts as a control-plane boundary because the workload inherits whatever privileges the role carries.

internet-to-service

internet -> aws_lb.web

The resource is directly reachable or intentionally exposed to unauthenticated network clients.

public-subnet-to-private-subnet

aws_subnet.public_edge -> aws_subnet.private_app

The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

public-subnet-to-private-subnet

aws_subnet.public_edge -> aws_subnet.private_data

The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

workload-to-data-store

aws_instance.app -> aws_db_instance.app

Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

workload-to-data-store

aws_lambda_function.processor -> aws_db_instance.app

Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

workload-to-data-store

aws_lambda_function.processor -> aws_s3_bucket.artifacts

Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when their attached role allows S3 actions such as s3:GetObject.

Raw outputs

Stable contract and markdown

JSON report 
{
  "kind": "cloud-threat-model-report",
  "version": "1.1",
  "tool": {
    "name": "cloud-threat-modeler",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "title": "Safe Plan Demo",
  "analyzed_file": "sample_aws_safe_plan.json",
  "analyzed_path": "/home/fleet/cloud-threat-modeler/fixtures/sample_aws_safe_plan.json",
  "summary": {
    "normalized_resources": 26,
    "unsupported_resources": 0,
    "trust_boundaries": 7,
    "active_findings": 1,
    "total_findings": 1,
    "suppressed_findings": 0,
    "baselined_findings": 0,
    "severity_counts": {
      "high": 0,
      "medium": 1,
      "low": 0
    }
  },
  "filtering": {
    "total_findings": 1,
    "active_findings": 1,
    "suppressed_findings": 0,
    "baselined_findings": 0,
    "suppressions_path": null,
    "baseline_path": null
  },
  "inventory": {
    "provider": "aws",
    "unsupported_resources": [],
    "metadata": {
      "primary_account_id": "222233334444",
      "supported_resource_types": [
        "aws_db_instance",
        "aws_iam_instance_profile",
        "aws_iam_policy",
        "aws_iam_role",
        "aws_iam_role_policy",
        "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment",
        "aws_instance",
        "aws_internet_gateway",
        "aws_kms_key",
        "aws_lambda_function",
        "aws_lambda_permission",
        "aws_lb",
        "aws_nat_gateway",
        "aws_route_table",
        "aws_route_table_association",
        "aws_s3_bucket",
        "aws_s3_bucket_policy",
        "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block",
        "aws_secretsmanager_secret",
        "aws_secretsmanager_secret_policy",
        "aws_security_group",
        "aws_security_group_rule",
        "aws_sns_topic",
        "aws_sqs_queue",
        "aws_subnet",
        "aws_vpc"
      ]
    },
    "resources": [
      {
        "address": "aws_db_instance.app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_db_instance",
        "name": "app",
        "category": "data",
        "identifier": "db-safe-001",
        "arn": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:222233334444:db:safe-customer-db",
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [
          "sg-safe-db-001"
        ],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "sensitive",
        "metadata": {
          "engine": "postgres",
          "publicly_accessible": false,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "storage_encrypted": true,
          "db_subnet_group_name": "safe-private-data",
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_iam_policy.artifact_read",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_iam_policy",
        "name": "artifact_read",
        "category": "iam",
        "identifier": "safe-artifact-read",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::222233334444:policy/safe-artifact-read",
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [
          {
            "effect": "Allow",
            "actions": [
              "s3:GetObject"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "arn:aws:s3:::safe-artifacts/*"
            ],
            "principals": [],
            "conditions": []
          }
        ],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "policy_document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
              {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                  "s3:GetObject"
                ],
                "Resource": [
                  "arn:aws:s3:::safe-artifacts/*"
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_iam_policy.observability",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_iam_policy",
        "name": "observability",
        "category": "iam",
        "identifier": "safe-observability",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::222233334444:policy/safe-observability",
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [
          {
            "effect": "Allow",
            "actions": [
              "logs:*"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "*"
            ],
            "principals": [],
            "conditions": []
          }
        ],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "policy_document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
              {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                  "logs:*"
                ],
                "Resource": "*"
              }
            ]
          },
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_iam_role.workload",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_iam_role",
        "name": "workload",
        "category": "iam",
        "identifier": "safe-workload-role",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::222233334444:role/safe-workload-role",
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [
          {
            "effect": "Allow",
            "actions": [
              "s3:GetObject"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "arn:aws:s3:::safe-artifacts/*"
            ],
            "principals": [],
            "conditions": []
          }
        ],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "assume_role_policy": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
              {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "sts:AssumeRole",
                "Principal": {
                  "Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"
                }
              }
            ]
          },
          "trust_principals": [
            "lambda.amazonaws.com"
          ],
          "trust_statements": [
            {
              "principals": [
                "lambda.amazonaws.com"
              ],
              "narrowing_condition_keys": [],
              "narrowing_conditions": [],
              "has_narrowing_conditions": false
            }
          ],
          "inline_policy_names": [],
          "attached_policy_arns": [
            "arn:aws:iam::222233334444:policy/safe-artifact-read"
          ],
          "attached_policy_addresses": [
            "aws_iam_policy.artifact_read"
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment.workload_artifact_read",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment",
        "name": "workload_artifact_read",
        "category": "iam",
        "identifier": "safe-workload-artifact-read",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "role": "safe-workload-role",
          "policy_arn": "arn:aws:iam::222233334444:policy/safe-artifact-read",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_instance.app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_instance",
        "name": "app",
        "category": "compute",
        "identifier": "i-safe-001",
        "arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:222233334444:instance/i-safe-001",
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [
          "subnet-safe-private-app-001"
        ],
        "security_group_ids": [
          "sg-safe-app-001"
        ],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "ami": "ami-safe-123456",
          "instance_type": "t3.small",
          "associate_public_ip_address": false,
          "iam_instance_profile": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "app"
          },
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": true,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_internet_gateway.main",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_internet_gateway",
        "name": "main",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "igw-safe-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_lambda_function.processor",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_lambda_function",
        "name": "processor",
        "category": "compute",
        "identifier": "safe-processor",
        "arn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:222233334444:function:safe-processor",
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [
          "subnet-safe-private-app-001"
        ],
        "security_group_ids": [
          "sg-safe-app-001"
        ],
        "attached_role_arns": [
          "arn:aws:iam::222233334444:role/safe-workload-role"
        ],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "runtime": "python3.12",
          "handler": "handler.main",
          "vpc_enabled": true,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": true,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_lb.web",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_lb",
        "name": "web",
        "category": "edge",
        "identifier": "alb-safe-001",
        "arn": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:222233334444:loadbalancer/app/safe-web/123456",
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [
          "subnet-safe-public-001"
        ],
        "security_group_ids": [
          "sg-safe-lb-001"
        ],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": true,
        "public_exposure": true,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "internal": false,
          "load_balancer_type": "application",
          "public_access_reasons": [
            "load balancer is configured as internet-facing"
          ],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [
            "load balancer is internet-facing and attached security groups allow internet ingress"
          ],
          "public_access_configured": true,
          "internet_ingress": true,
          "internet_ingress_capable": true,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [
            "aws_security_group.lb ingress tcp 443 from 0.0.0.0/0 (HTTPS from internet)"
          ],
          "public_subnet": true,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": true
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_nat_gateway.main",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_nat_gateway",
        "name": "main",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "nat-safe-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [
          "subnet-safe-public-001"
        ],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "allocation_id": "eipalloc-safe-001",
          "connectivity_type": "public",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": true,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table.private",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table",
        "name": "private",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtb-safe-private-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "routes": [
            {
              "cidr_block": "0.0.0.0/0",
              "nat_gateway_id": "nat-safe-001"
            }
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table.public",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table",
        "name": "public",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtb-safe-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "routes": [
            {
              "cidr_block": "0.0.0.0/0",
              "gateway_id": "igw-safe-001"
            }
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table_association.private_app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table_association",
        "name": "private_app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtassoc-safe-private-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "route_table_id": "rtb-safe-private-001",
          "subnet_id": "subnet-safe-private-app-001",
          "gateway_id": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table_association.private_data",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table_association",
        "name": "private_data",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtassoc-safe-private-data-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "route_table_id": "rtb-safe-private-001",
          "subnet_id": "subnet-safe-private-data-001",
          "gateway_id": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table_association.public_edge",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table_association",
        "name": "public_edge",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtassoc-safe-public-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "route_table_id": "rtb-safe-001",
          "subnet_id": "subnet-safe-public-001",
          "gateway_id": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_s3_bucket.artifacts",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_s3_bucket",
        "name": "artifacts",
        "category": "data",
        "identifier": "safe-artifacts",
        "arn": "arn:aws:s3:::safe-artifacts",
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [
          {
            "effect": "Allow",
            "actions": [
              "s3:GetObject"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "arn:aws:s3:::safe-artifacts/*"
            ],
            "principals": [
              "*"
            ],
            "conditions": []
          }
        ],
        "public_access_configured": true,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "sensitive",
        "metadata": {
          "bucket": "safe-artifacts",
          "acl": "public-read",
          "policy_document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
              {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Principal": "*",
                "Action": [
                  "s3:GetObject"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::safe-artifacts/*"
              }
            ]
          },
          "public_access_reasons": [
            "bucket ACL `public-read` grants public access",
            "bucket policy allows anonymous access"
          ],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_block": {
            "block_public_acls": true,
            "block_public_policy": true,
            "ignore_public_acls": true,
            "restrict_public_buckets": true
          },
          "public_access_configured": true,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block.artifacts",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block",
        "name": "artifacts",
        "category": "data",
        "identifier": "safe-artifacts-public-block",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "bucket": "safe-artifacts",
          "block_public_acls": true,
          "block_public_policy": true,
          "ignore_public_acls": true,
          "restrict_public_buckets": true,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group.app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group",
        "name": "app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sg-safe-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "egress",
            "protocol": "-1",
            "from_port": 0,
            "to_port": 0,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": null
          },
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 8080,
            "to_port": 8080,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-safe-lb-001"
            ],
            "description": "App traffic from ALB"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "description": "Application tier only reachable from the load balancer",
          "group_name": "safe-app-sg",
          "standalone_rule_addresses": [
            "aws_security_group_rule.app_from_lb"
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group.db",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group",
        "name": "db",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sg-safe-db-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "egress",
            "protocol": "-1",
            "from_port": 0,
            "to_port": 0,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": null
          },
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 5432,
            "to_port": 5432,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-safe-app-001"
            ],
            "description": "Postgres from app tier"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "description": "Database ingress only from the app tier",
          "group_name": "safe-db-sg",
          "standalone_rule_addresses": [
            "aws_security_group_rule.db_from_app"
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group.lb",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group",
        "name": "lb",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sg-safe-lb-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 443,
            "to_port": 443,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": "HTTPS from internet"
          },
          {
            "direction": "egress",
            "protocol": "-1",
            "from_port": 0,
            "to_port": 0,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": null
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "description": "Public load balancer ingress only",
          "group_name": "safe-lb-sg",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group_rule.app_from_lb",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group_rule",
        "name": "app_from_lb",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sgrule-safe-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 8080,
            "to_port": 8080,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-safe-lb-001"
            ],
            "description": "App traffic from ALB"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "security_group_id": "sg-safe-app-001",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group_rule.db_from_app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group_rule",
        "name": "db_from_app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sgrule-safe-db-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 5432,
            "to_port": 5432,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-safe-app-001"
            ],
            "description": "Postgres from app tier"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "security_group_id": "sg-safe-db-001",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_subnet.private_app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_subnet",
        "name": "private_app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "subnet-safe-private-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.10.2.0/24",
          "availability_zone": "us-east-1a",
          "map_public_ip_on_launch": false,
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "app"
          },
          "is_public_subnet": false,
          "route_table_ids": [
            "rtb-safe-private-001"
          ],
          "has_public_route": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": true,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_subnet.private_data",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_subnet",
        "name": "private_data",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "subnet-safe-private-data-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.10.3.0/24",
          "availability_zone": "us-east-1a",
          "map_public_ip_on_launch": false,
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "data"
          },
          "is_public_subnet": false,
          "route_table_ids": [
            "rtb-safe-private-001"
          ],
          "has_public_route": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": true,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_subnet.public_edge",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_subnet",
        "name": "public_edge",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "subnet-safe-public-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-safe-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.10.1.0/24",
          "availability_zone": "us-east-1a",
          "map_public_ip_on_launch": true,
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "edge"
          },
          "is_public_subnet": true,
          "route_table_ids": [
            "rtb-safe-001"
          ],
          "has_public_route": true,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_vpc.main",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_vpc",
        "name": "main",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "vpc-safe-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.10.0.0/16",
          "tags": {
            "Name": "safe-main"
          },
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "trust_boundaries": [
    {
      "identifier": "admin-to-workload-plane:aws_iam_role.workload->aws_lambda_function.processor",
      "boundary_type": "admin-to-workload-plane",
      "source": "aws_iam_role.workload",
      "target": "aws_lambda_function.processor",
      "description": "aws_iam_role.workload governs actions performed by aws_lambda_function.processor.",
      "rationale": "IAM configuration acts as a control-plane boundary because the workload inherits whatever privileges the role carries."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "internet-to-service:internet->aws_lb.web",
      "boundary_type": "internet-to-service",
      "source": "internet",
      "target": "aws_lb.web",
      "description": "Traffic can cross from the public internet to aws_lb.web.",
      "rationale": "The resource is directly reachable or intentionally exposed to unauthenticated network clients."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet:aws_subnet.public_edge->aws_subnet.private_app",
      "boundary_type": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet",
      "source": "aws_subnet.public_edge",
      "target": "aws_subnet.private_app",
      "description": "Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_app.",
      "rationale": "The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet:aws_subnet.public_edge->aws_subnet.private_data",
      "boundary_type": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet",
      "source": "aws_subnet.public_edge",
      "target": "aws_subnet.private_data",
      "description": "Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_data.",
      "rationale": "The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "workload-to-data-store:aws_instance.app->aws_db_instance.app",
      "boundary_type": "workload-to-data-store",
      "source": "aws_instance.app",
      "target": "aws_db_instance.app",
      "description": "aws_instance.app can interact with aws_db_instance.app.",
      "rationale": "Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "workload-to-data-store:aws_lambda_function.processor->aws_db_instance.app",
      "boundary_type": "workload-to-data-store",
      "source": "aws_lambda_function.processor",
      "target": "aws_db_instance.app",
      "description": "aws_lambda_function.processor can interact with aws_db_instance.app.",
      "rationale": "Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "workload-to-data-store:aws_lambda_function.processor->aws_s3_bucket.artifacts",
      "boundary_type": "workload-to-data-store",
      "source": "aws_lambda_function.processor",
      "target": "aws_s3_bucket.artifacts",
      "description": "aws_lambda_function.processor can interact with aws_s3_bucket.artifacts.",
      "rationale": "Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when their attached role allows S3 actions such as s3:GetObject."
    }
  ],
  "findings": [
    {
      "fingerprint": "sha256:0065aef67737b4347c712bd214de6d7dba8d633a31091f366071dfe4248f2347",
      "title": "IAM policy grants wildcard privileges",
      "rule_id": "aws-iam-wildcard-permissions",
      "category": "Elevation of Privilege",
      "severity": "medium",
      "affected_resources": [
        "aws_iam_policy.observability"
      ],
      "trust_boundary_id": null,
      "rationale": "aws_iam_policy.observability contains allow statements with wildcard actions or resources. That makes the resulting access difficult to reason about and expands blast radius.",
      "recommended_mitigation": "Replace wildcard actions and resources with narrowly scoped permissions tied to the exact services, APIs, and ARNs required by the workload.",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "key": "iam_actions",
          "values": [
            "logs:*"
          ]
        },
        {
          "key": "iam_resources",
          "values": [
            "*"
          ]
        },
        {
          "key": "policy_statements",
          "values": [
            "Allow actions=[logs:*] resources=[*]"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "severity_reasoning": {
        "internet_exposure": 0,
        "privilege_breadth": 2,
        "data_sensitivity": 0,
        "lateral_movement": 1,
        "blast_radius": 2,
        "final_score": 5,
        "severity": "medium",
        "computed_severity": null
      }
    }
  ],
  "suppressed_findings": [],
  "baselined_findings": [],
  "observations": [
    {
      "title": "RDS instance is private and storage encrypted",
      "observation_id": "aws-rds-private-encrypted",
      "affected_resources": [
        "aws_db_instance.app"
      ],
      "rationale": "aws_db_instance.app is kept off direct internet paths and has storage encryption enabled, which reduces straightforward data exposure risk.",
      "category": "data-protection",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "key": "database_posture",
          "values": [
            "publicly_accessible is false",
            "storage_encrypted is true",
            "no attached security group allows internet ingress",
            "engine is postgres"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "S3 public access is reduced by a public access block",
      "observation_id": "aws-s3-public-access-block-observed",
      "affected_resources": [
        "aws_s3_bucket.artifacts",
        "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block.artifacts"
      ],
      "rationale": "aws_s3_bucket.artifacts includes public-looking ACL or policy signals, but an attached public access block materially reduces that exposure.",
      "category": "data-protection",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "key": "mitigated_public_access",
          "values": [
            "bucket ACL `public-read` would otherwise grant public access",
            "bucket policy would otherwise allow anonymous access"
          ]
        },
        {
          "key": "control_posture",
          "values": [
            "block_public_acls is true",
            "block_public_policy is true",
            "ignore_public_acls is true",
            "restrict_public_buckets is true"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "AWS support is intentionally limited to a curated v1 resource set rather than the full Terraform AWS provider.",
    "Subnet public/private classification prefers explicit route table associations and NAT or internet routes when present, but it does not model main-route-table inheritance or every routing edge case.",
    "IAM analysis resolves inline role policies, customer-managed role-policy attachments, and EC2 instance profiles present in the plan, but it does not expand AWS-managed policy documents that are not materialized in Terraform state.",
    "Resource-policy analysis focuses on explicit policy documents and Lambda permission resources present in the plan; it does not model every service-specific condition key or every downstream runtime authorization path.",
    "The engine reasons over Terraform planned values only and does not validate runtime drift, CloudTrail evidence, or post-deploy control-plane activity."
  ]
}
Markdown report 
# Safe Plan Demo

- Analyzed file: `sample_aws_safe_plan.json`
- Provider: `aws`
- Normalized resources: `26`
- Unsupported resources: `0`

## Summary

This run identified **7 trust boundaries** and **1 findings** across **26 normalized resources**.

- High severity findings: `0`
- Medium severity findings: `1`
- Low severity findings: `0`

## Discovered Trust Boundaries

### `internet-to-service`

- Source: `internet`
- Target: `aws_lb.web`
- Description: Traffic can cross from the public internet to aws_lb.web.
- Rationale: The resource is directly reachable or intentionally exposed to unauthenticated network clients.

### `public-subnet-to-private-subnet`

- Source: `aws_subnet.public_edge`
- Target: `aws_subnet.private_app`
- Description: Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_app.
- Rationale: The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

### `public-subnet-to-private-subnet`

- Source: `aws_subnet.public_edge`
- Target: `aws_subnet.private_data`
- Description: Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_data.
- Rationale: The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

### `workload-to-data-store`

- Source: `aws_instance.app`
- Target: `aws_db_instance.app`
- Description: aws_instance.app can interact with aws_db_instance.app.
- Rationale: Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

### `workload-to-data-store`

- Source: `aws_lambda_function.processor`
- Target: `aws_db_instance.app`
- Description: aws_lambda_function.processor can interact with aws_db_instance.app.
- Rationale: Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

### `workload-to-data-store`

- Source: `aws_lambda_function.processor`
- Target: `aws_s3_bucket.artifacts`
- Description: aws_lambda_function.processor can interact with aws_s3_bucket.artifacts.
- Rationale: Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when their attached role allows S3 actions such as s3:GetObject.

### `admin-to-workload-plane`

- Source: `aws_iam_role.workload`
- Target: `aws_lambda_function.processor`
- Description: aws_iam_role.workload governs actions performed by aws_lambda_function.processor.
- Rationale: IAM configuration acts as a control-plane boundary because the workload inherits whatever privileges the role carries.

## Findings

### High

No findings in this severity band.

### Medium

#### IAM policy grants wildcard privileges

- STRIDE category: Elevation of Privilege
- Affected resources: `aws_iam_policy.observability`
- Trust boundary: `not-applicable`
- Severity reasoning: internet_exposure +0, privilege_breadth +2, data_sensitivity +0, lateral_movement +1, blast_radius +2, final_score 5 => medium
- Rationale: aws_iam_policy.observability contains allow statements with wildcard actions or resources. That makes the resulting access difficult to reason about and expands blast radius.
- Recommended mitigation: Replace wildcard actions and resources with narrowly scoped permissions tied to the exact services, APIs, and ARNs required by the workload.
- Evidence:
  - iam actions: logs:*
  - iam resources: *
  - policy statements: Allow actions=[logs:*] resources=[*]

### Low

No findings in this severity band.

## Controls Observed

### RDS instance is private and storage encrypted

- Category: `data-protection`
- Affected resources: `aws_db_instance.app`
- Rationale: aws_db_instance.app is kept off direct internet paths and has storage encryption enabled, which reduces straightforward data exposure risk.
- Evidence:
  - database posture: publicly_accessible is false; storage_encrypted is true; no attached security group allows internet ingress; engine is postgres

### S3 public access is reduced by a public access block

- Category: `data-protection`
- Affected resources: `aws_s3_bucket.artifacts`, `aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block.artifacts`
- Rationale: aws_s3_bucket.artifacts includes public-looking ACL or policy signals, but an attached public access block materially reduces that exposure.
- Evidence:
  - mitigated public access: bucket ACL `public-read` would otherwise grant public access; bucket policy would otherwise allow anonymous access
  - control posture: block_public_acls is true; block_public_policy is true; ignore_public_acls is true; restrict_public_buckets is true

## Limitations / Unsupported Resources

- AWS support is intentionally limited to a curated v1 resource set rather than the full Terraform AWS provider.
- Subnet public/private classification prefers explicit route table associations and NAT or internet routes when present, but it does not model main-route-table inheritance or every routing edge case.
- IAM analysis resolves inline role policies, customer-managed role-policy attachments, and EC2 instance profiles present in the plan, but it does not expand AWS-managed policy documents that are not materialized in Terraform state.
- Resource-policy analysis focuses on explicit policy documents and Lambda permission resources present in the plan; it does not model every service-specific condition key or every downstream runtime authorization path.
- The engine reasons over Terraform planned values only and does not validate runtime drift, CloudTrail evidence, or post-deploy control-plane activity.

Limits

Unsupported or intentionally scoped areas

  • AWS support is intentionally limited to a curated v1 resource set rather than the full Terraform AWS provider.
  • Subnet public/private classification prefers explicit route table associations and NAT or internet routes when present, but it does not model main-route-table inheritance or every routing edge case.
  • IAM analysis resolves inline role policies, customer-managed role-policy attachments, and EC2 instance profiles present in the plan, but it does not expand AWS-managed policy documents that are not materialized in Terraform state.
  • Resource-policy analysis focuses on explicit policy documents and Lambda permission resources present in the plan; it does not model every service-specific condition key or every downstream runtime authorization path.
  • The engine reasons over Terraform planned values only and does not validate runtime drift, CloudTrail evidence, or post-deploy control-plane activity.